Freeze-dried crude venom was stored at -20☌ prior to analysis. The crude venom is a clear and colorless liquid, easily soluble in water and was collected every two weeks. Using this method could yield about 50 mg of venom from approximately 300 Lycosa singoriensis spiders, thus enabling exploration of the biochemical and pharmacological properties of this spider venom. This avoids the need for electrical stimulation, which can contaminate venom with enzymes from both saliva and digestive fluids. They grasp the tubing tightly, and then its venom fangs pierce the tubing and inject venom inside. Like many other large spiders (10, 7), Lycosa singoriensis readily become aggressive when provoked by a piece of plastic tubing. Chopped pig livers and worms were used to feed the animals. Compared with many other spider venoms studied so far, this spider venom has some distinct properties, which makes it a useful source for screening drug leads and for studying biodiversity of spider venom peptides.Īdult female Lycosa singoriensis spiders were collected in Xinjiang province, China, maintained in plastic buckets that were covered with plastic nets and given water daily. In this study, we report the biochemical and pharmacological properties of the venom of the wolf spider Lycosa singoriensis. According to clinical records, the majority of the spider bites caused apparent effects, including red marks and pain around the bite sites (8, 9). In 2000, it was reported that there were wolf spider bites to humans and other animals in the northern area of Xinjiang province. The wolf spider Lycosa singoriensis is also a venomous and aggressive spider. In many cases, residues of small insects are found at the bottom of the burrow. After succeeding in catching victims, the spider brings them into the hole. The spider spends the day huddled at the bottom of the hole, while it ascends the silk tube and hides itself near the burrow entrance waiting for prey at night. Its burrow, lined with a silk tube, has a diameter from 2 to 4 cm and a length from 30 to 60 cm, and the burrow entrance is often covered with silk net. This hairy spider lives in holes underground. The adult female spider has a body length from 28 to 40 mm (35☖ mm) and a body weight from 2.6 to 7 g ( Figure 1). The wolf spider Lycosa singoriensis is a large spider distributed throughout northwest China. However, during the past decades, only a few spider venoms have been studied in sufficient detail, and therefore less than 0.01% of spider venom peptides have been identified thus far (4-7). Consequently, spider venoms are a rich source of pharmacologically and agrochemically interesting novel compounds that have received increased attention from pharmacologists and biochemists in recent years. The spider venom peptides are produced in a combinatorial fashion, which leads to an estimated total of about 1.5 million spider venom peptides. Spider venoms are complex chemical cocktails in which peptides are the principal constituents of most spider venoms, except those of black widow spiders that contain a high proportion, greater than 100 kD proteins (1-3). The primary propose of spider venoms is to kill or paralyze prey. Almost all spiders are predators and have venom glands. There are about 39,000 described spider species, with an even greater number awaiting characterization. Key words: spider, Lycosa singoriensis, crude venom, MALDI-TOF, antimicrobial activity. Furthermore, the venom shows antimicrobial activity against prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. This wolf spider venom has low neurotoxic action on mice, but it can induce hemolysis of human erythrocytes. This molecular distribution differs substantially from those of most spider venoms studied so far. MALDI-TOF analysis revealed that the venom peptides are highly diverse and may be divided into three groups characterized by three independent molecular ranges: 2,000 to 2,500 Da, 4,800 to 5,500 Da and 7,000 to 8,000 Da, respectively. Its protein content is 0.659 mg protein/mg crude venom as determined by the Lowry method. Like other spider venoms, the wolf spider venom is a chemical cocktail. Fax: +86 731 wolf spider Lycosa singoriensis is a large and venomous spider distributed throughout northwestern China. IIAdministrative Center for Basic Research, Ministry of Science ant Technology, ChinaĬollege of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University ICollege of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China Liu ZH I Qian W II Li J I Zhang Y I Liang S I Biochemical and pharmacological study of venom of the wolf spider Lycosa singoriensis
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